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My response to Shahid bin waheed's rebuttal to my "The amazing creation of Earth and Iron" article:

This article is a rebuttal to shahid bin waheed's rebuttal that is located at: http://www.geocities.com/J_1975X/earth.htm.   Once again, I will shut his loud and foul-mouth (he is fond on using the f*** word) for him and throw him back to the dumpster section that I put him in on my web site, because this is where the likes of him from the trash and losers belong to.

My original article is located at: www.answering-christianity.com/earth.htm

He wrote:

The amazing creation of Earth and Iron

Another highflying claim by Murtadd Osama Abdallah based on his sheer IGNORANCE!

 By: Shahid Bin Waheed ???? ?? ????

My response:

"Murtadd" in Arabic means apostate, or someone who has deserted Islam.  This 50-year old foul-mouthed (thrives on using the f*** word a lot) loser has yet to prove where I have deserted Islam and became a disbeliever.  He is fond on using trashy name-callings thinking that he would succeed in upsetting or inflaming the other person, me in this case.  He doesn't realize that it only adds to my reasons and proofs about why I have put him in the dumpster section.  He also doesn't realize that the reader is not as stupid as he is and wouldn't so easily fall for cheap name-callings and automatically believe his trashy claims.

Also, this piece of trash fails to realize that by insisting on calling other Muslims who have the slightest disagreement with him as apostates and disbelievers, as he did on my message board (I documented his writings), he becomes guilty of blasphemy (kufur).  Here is what Prophet Muhammad peace be upon him said:

Narrated Abu Huraira: "Allah's Apostle said, "If a man says to his brother, O Kafir (disbeliever)!' Then surely one of them is such (i.e., a Kifir).  (Translation of Sahih Bukhari, Good Manners and Form (Al-Adab), Volume 8, Book 73, Number 125d)"

Allah Almighty also said:  "Tumult and oppression are worse than slaughter.  (The Noble Quran, 2:217)"

Allah Almighty also said:  "On that account: We ordained for the Children of Israel that if any one slew a person - unless it be for murder or for spreading mischief in the land - it would be as if he slew the whole people: and if any one saved a life, it would be as if he saved the life of the whole people. Then although there came to them Our apostles with clear signs, yet, even after that, many of them continued to commit excesses in the land.  (The Noble Quran, 5:32)"

Creation of tumult and injustice among Muslims is a crime worse than murder in the Sight of Allah Almighty!  Those who apostatize other Muslims (as most Muslim fanatics do to ordinary Muslims) are guilty of creating tumult and oppression.  When one goes as far as calling another as "disbeliever" then in reality he is trying to force unto Allah Almighty something that is not True.   That is why Prophet Muhammad said that if a Muslim calls another Muslim "O disbeliever" or "O apostate" or "O infidel", etc..., then the caller becomes such.

He wrote:

??? ???? ?????? ??????

???????? ?? ???????? ??????? ??????? ??? ???? ???????? ???????????? ????? ???? ?? ? ??? ???? ???? ??? ??????? ??????? ?????? - ??????

Thanks to be Allaah, Sustainer of the Universe, and blessing and salutation to be the most distinguish of the Messengers and foremost among the Prophets, our Prophet Muhammad, peace and blessings of Allaah be on him and on his wives, children and Companions.

Beside the famous laughingstock authored by Murtadd Osama Abdallah with his highflying claims of scientific proof/s of 360 Joints, he has authored many absurd articles based on his sheer ignorance, copy and paste from other websites and using non-Muslims and/or non-Islaamic sources. In this refutation we will inSha Allaah discuss another absurdity authored by Murtadd Osama Abdallah. In order to spread his absurdities and non-sense, Murtadd Osama Abdallah has many URL addresses and/or domain names; one is worth mentioning here since it is under title “Tafsir Qur’an.” This ignoramus really think that he can perform Tafsir contrary to the fact that he is ignorant of Arabic and his knowledge of English is as little as of a 7^th grader. Some time back I have written a detailed article about the misunderstanding the Qur’aanic subjects.

I am not sure that why people try to find such subjects in the Glorious Qur’aan, which are outside of its narrations, while trying to prove all scientific and physical realities and laws. Perhaps they think that Glorious Qur’aan will be defective if these scientific realities could not be proved from it. This notion prompts them to sincerely try to prove scientific facts from the Glorious Qur’aan. I have said many times before that Glorious Qur’aan is not a Book of science. Thus, the facts remain that science is not the real subject of the Glorious Qur’aan. Mention of realities of this universe, wherever found in the Qur’aan, Muslims must believe in it. However, try to deduce a scientific fact or rule from Glorious Qur’aan is like attempting to find details of medicine in the books of law.

The Glorious Qur’aan is not vague and/or ambiguous on its purpose. It has rather clarified in many Ayaat the purpose of its revelation. For example following need readers attention in the context.

2:2; 5:15-16; 5:19; 5:48; 6:55; 7:1; 7:63; 31:1-4; 32:1-3; 36:5-6; 39:2; 42:7; 45:18-20; 39:23.

The above cited references are just the few examples, and if one ponders on them it will be clear that the real purpose of Glorious Qur’aan is to exhort man to prepare for the Hereafter, and to teach him to pass this life in accordance to the Will of Allaah.

Please be advised that I do not mean to imply that it is wrong to deduce a scientific fact from the Glorious Qur’aan. I also admit that there is a mention of scientific realities in the Glorious Qur’aan as a passing reference. Therefore, if a scientific fact is found in the Glorious Qur’aan, there is nothing wrong in narrating it. But one must avoid making errors in deducing the lessons from the Glorious Qur’aan.

We must also be careful while drawing conclusions and/or in the exegesis of the Glorious Qur’aan that the subject is clearly understood. Another thing about which we must be very careful is the allegoric meanings in the Glorious Qur’aan. Since sometimes a word is not used in its literal sense but in allegorical sense.

Example of such meaning is that “lion” is a wild animal, but sometimes it is used to describe a brave man. Like the title of Ali ??? ???? ??? as Asad ullāh or “Richard the lion heart.” The latter does not means that Richard had the heart of a lion in his body.

Let us examine an example from the Glorious Qur’aan.

Surah Al-Baqarah 88

????????? ?????????? ?????? ???? ?????????? ??????? ???????????? ?????????? ??? ???????????

And they say, "Our hearts are wrapped (i.e. do not hear or understand Allāh’s Word)." Nay, Allāh has cursed them for their disbelief, so little is that which they believe.

The literal meaning of the word ??????? is small, little, or not big. But in the Ayaah it is in a proverbial use. It does not means “they believe but only a little”, it rather means “they do not believe at all.” In this way the word ??????? is proverbially used in the negative sense. The English word “few” or “little” has the similar implication.

Sometimes the style of the Qur’aanic phrase may not allow for the literal meaning to be read, Glorious Qur’aan says,

Surah Al-Kahf 29

?????? ???????? ???? ????????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ????? ???????????? ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????? ??????? ?????? ???????????? ?????? ????????????? ????????? ??????? ??????????? ??????? ?????????? ?????? ?????????? ????????? ???????????

And say: "The truth is from your Lord." Then whosoever wills, let him believe; and whosoever wills, let him disbelieve. Verily, We have prepared for the Zālimūn (polytheists and wrong-doers.), a Fire whose walls will be surrounding them (disbelievers in the Oneness of Allāh). And if they ask for help (relief, water), they will be granted water like boiling oil that will scald their faces. Terrible is the drink, and an evil Murtafaq (dwelling, resting place.)!

The exact literal meaning of these words would be that {Allaah forbid} this is a permission from Allaah to man to believe or disbelieve as he chooses. But later on it says ?????? ??????????? ?????????????? ?????? {Verily, We have prepared for the Zālimūn (polytheists and wrong-doers.), a Fire}. These words make it obvious that the Ayaah does not permit man to choose belief or disbelief as his will, but that after having known the consequences of either path, man is at liberty to remain in a state of disbelief or adopt the way of belief.

My response:

Nothing of direct response to my article was mentioned here.  Therefore, let's move on.

He wrote:

The article titled  “The amazing creation of Earth and Iron” authored by Murtadd Osama Abdallah has some serious flaws and perhaps fabrication as well. Murtadd Osama Abdallah’s article is based on three sections that are as follows:

1-  The amazing creation of Earth and Iron.
2-  Further proof from brother Hasan; may Allah Almighty always be pleased with him.
3-  Articles and astronomical proofs that Iron came from space as the Noble Quran mentioned.

Murtadd Osama Abdallah writes:

? While I was watching the "Al-Jazeera" Arabic news channel, I heard this new scientific discovery about the creation of earth and its relationship with iron.  The Muslim scientists found it to be absolutely amazing that Allah Almighty in the Noble Quran was exactly accurate in His description about how He created the earth and how He created the iron, and how this all was confirmed by the very letter in this new scientific discovery.

First, let us examine the following Noble Verses from the Noble Quran:  "Allah is He Who Created seven firmaments and of the earth a similar number.  Through the midst of them (all) descends His command: that ye may know that Allah has power over all things, and that Allah comprehends all things In (His) Knowledge.  (The Noble Quran, 65:12)"

"We sent aforetime Our messengers with clear signs and sent down them the Book and the Balance (of right and wrong), that men may stand forth in justice; and We sent down iron, in which is (material for) Mighty war, as well as many benefits for mankind, that Allah may test who it is that will help, unseen, Him and His messengers: For Allah is Full of strength, exalted in Might (And able to enforce His Will).  (The Noble Quran, 57:25)"

According to Noble Verse 65:12 above, Allah Almighty created 7 heavens for form the universe.  The new scientific discovery had revealed to us that the earth that we currently live on today is also formed from seven layers.  The very bottom layer contains most of the uranium and potonium and all the materials that we need to create nuclear weapons and energy.  Noble Verse 65:12 above does indeed say that the earth was created with seven layers.?

Response!

What is worth noticing and mentioning is Ayaah 65:12 is the miracle of words that are also a part of the entire Glorious Qur’aan. Let me clear that for simplification.

Surah At-Talaq 12

??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ??????????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????? ???????????? ????? ??????? ????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ??????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ???????

It is Allāh Who has created seven heavens and of the earth the like thereof (i.e. seven). His Command descends between them (heavens and earth), that you may know that Allāh has power over all things, and that Allāh surrounds all things in (His) Knowledge.

There are some words in Arabic, which are soft and eloquent in their singular form but their plurals are considered unchaste. An example is the word ???  (Earth) used in Ayaah 65:12 cited above, which is a delightful word. The word ???  (Earth) has two plural forms (1) ????? (2) ?????, however, both of them are regarded as inelegant and their use affects the smoothness and flow of the language. But where the use of plural is unavoidable, the scholars of Arabia were compelled to use these words. Contrary to that, the Glorious Qur’aan has used at many places the word ????? (skies) as plural and in conjunction with the word ???  (Earth) as singular and has not used its plural anywhere. However, in Ayaah 65:12 (at one place)  “Seven Earths” were to be mentioned and the plural form had to be used. But the Glorious Qur’aan avoided this in a miraculous manner by adopting a style that the sense has been conveyed thoroughly without putting a burden on the language while increasing it beauty by saying:

??????? ??????? ?????? ?????? ?????????? ?????? ????????? ???????????

The plural of ???? (heaven) has been used in Ayaah 65:12 i.e. ?????????? but the plural of ???  (Earth) has beautifully avoided. Thus, the self-conceived interpretations of the Glorious Qur’aan are the direct result subjecting the Qur’aan to one’s own fallacious views, which is always the case with Murtadd Osama Abdallah.

My response:

In my article, I covered the fact that the earth and its ozone layer both have 7 layers.  It is also, as I mentioned below, quite possible and very highly probable that Allah Almighty said that He created 7 earths, possibly one earth per "heaven" as Allah Almighty said He created 7 Heavens and of the earth similar number.

The following was taken from www.answering-christianity.com/earth.htm:

According to Noble Verse 65:12 above, Allah Almighty created 7 heavens for form the universe.  The new scientific discovery had revealed to us that the earth that we currently live on today is also formed from seven layers.  The very bottom layer contains most of the uranium and potonium and all the materials that we need to create nuclear weapons and energy.  Noble Verse 65:12 above does indeed say that the earth was created with seven layers.

It is also quite possible and very highly probable that Allah Almighty created 7 Heavens (galaxies) and 7 earths, possibly 1 earth per Heaven.  Only time and science will tell.

Please visit: UFOs and Space Shuttles were explicitly mentioned in the Noble Quran!

The Seven Layers of the earth's atmosphere:

"Scientists have found that the atmosphere consists of several layers. The layers differ in such physical properties as pressure and the types of gasses. The layer of the atmosphere closest to Earth is called the TROPOSPHERE. It contains about 90% of the total mass of the atmosphere. The layer above the troposphere is called the STRATOSPHERE. The OZONE LAYER is the part of the stratosphere where absorption of ultraviolet rays occurs. The layer above the stratosphere is called the MESOSPHERE. The THERMOSPHERE lies above the mesosphere. The ionized gases form a layer within the thermosphere called the IONOSPHERE. The outermost part of Earth's atmosphere extends from about 480 km out to 960 km. This part is called the EXOSPHERE. (Carolyn Sheets, Robert Gardner, Samuel F. Howe; General Science, Allyn and Bacon Inc. Newton, Massachusetts, 1985, s. 319-322)"  

http://www.creationofuniverse.com/html/science_07.html

The full article with images and more scientific proofs is as follows:

From http://www.creationofuniverse.com/html/science_07.html:

One fact about the universe revealed in the verses of the Qur'an is that the sky is made up of seven layers.

"It is He Who created everything on the earth for you and then directed His attention up to heaven and arranged it into seven regular heavens. He has knowledge of all things." (The Qur'an, 2:29)

"Then He turned to heaven when it was smoke. In two days He determined them as seven heavens and revealed, in every heaven, its own mandate." (The Qur'an, 41:12)

The word "heavens", which appears in many verses in the Qur'an, is used to refer to the sky above the Earth, as well as the entire universe. Given this meaning of the word, it is seen that the Earth's sky, or the atmosphere, is made up of seven layers.

Indeed, today it is known that the world's atmosphere consists of different layers that lie on top of each other. Furthermore, it consists, just as is described in the Qur'an, of exactly seven layers. In a scientific source, the subject is described as follows:

Scientists have found that the atmosphere consists of several layers. The layers differ in such physical properties as pressure and the types of gasses. The layer of the atmosphere closest to Earth is called the TROPOSPHERE. It contains about 90% of the total mass of the atmosphere. The layer above the troposphere is called the STRATOSPHERE. The OZONE LAYER is the part of the stratosphere where absorption of ultraviolet rays occurs. The layer above the stratosphere is called the MESOSPHERE. The THERMOSPHERE lies above the mesosphere. The ionized gases form a layer within the thermosphere called the IONOSPHERE. The outermost part of Earth's atmosphere extends from about 480 km out to 960 km. This part is called the EXOSPHERE. (Carolyn Sheets, Robert Gardner, Samuel F. Howe; General Science, Allyn and Bacon Inc. Newton, Massachusetts, 1985, s. 319-322)

If we count the number of layers cited in this source, we see that the atmosphere consists of exactly seven layers, just as stated in the verse.

1. Troposphere

2. Stratosphere

3. Ozonosphere

4. Mesosphere

5. Thermosphere

6. Ionosphere

7. Exosphere

Another important miracle on this subject is mentioned in the statement "(He) revealed, in every heaven, its own mandate.", in verse 12 of Sura Fussilet. In other words, in the verse, God states that He assigned each heaven its own duty. Truly, as seen in previous chapters, each one of these layers has vital duties for the benefit of human kind and all other living things on the Earth. Each layer has a particular function, ranging from forming rain to preventing harmful rays, from reflecting radio waves, to averting the harmful effects of meteors.

One of these functions, for example, is stated in a scientific source as follows:

Earth's atmosphere has 7 layers. The lowest layer is called troposphere. Rain, snow and wind only take place in the troposphere. (http://muttley.ucdavis.edu/Book/Atmosphere/beginner/layers-01.html)

It is a great miracle that these facts, which could not possibly be discovered without the technology of the 20th century, were explicitly stated by the Qur'an 1,400 years ago.

Also, the following is an email I received from an non-Muslim woman; may Allah Almighty bless her by leading her to Islam more and more.  Ameen.

From: deonnia@telkom.net 
Reply-to: dennik@softhome.net 
To: truthspeaks@answering-christianity.com
Subj: http://www.answering-christianity.com/earth.htm
Date: 9/26/2003 1:15:27 PM Central Standard Time

The Seven "Heavens" refers to the layers of our atmosphere.
troposphere
stratosphere
ozone layer
mesosphere
thermosphere
ionosphere
exosphere

The Seven "Earths" refer to the layers that literally make up the Earth
crust
lithosphere
upper mantle
astenoshpere
lower mantle
outer core
inner core

OR they could refer to the "7 Continents" (in the context that "al-ard" means ground)
North America
South America
Australia
Asia
Africa
Antarctica
Europe

source :
http://www.amazon.com/exec/obidos/tg/detail/-/8172311613/ref=pd_sim_books_1/t/103-5743194-0757406?v=glance&s=books

Please visit: Allah Almighty said that the earth is "egg-shaped".

The Earth is round according to Islam.

The amazing creation of earth and mountains in the Noble Quran.

Geology in the Noble Quran - See the Scientific confirmation.

Oceanology in the Noble Quran - See the Scientific confirmation.

He wrote:

Let us examine the fallacy and/or misinterpretation of Ayaah 57:25 (with SEVEN different English translations) by Murtadd Osama Abdallah,

Surah Al-Hadid 25

?????? ??????????? ????????? ??????????????? ????????????? ???????? ?????????? ????????????? ????????? ???????? ??????????? ????????????? ?????????? ????? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ????????? ???????????? ??????? ???? ?????????? ?????????? ??????????? ????? ??????? ??????? ???????

Indeed We have sent Our Messengers with clear proofs, and revealed with them the Scripture and the Balance (justice) that mankind may keep up justice. And We brought forth iron wherein is mighty power (in matters of war), as well as many benefits for mankind, that Allāh may test who it is that will help Him (His religion) and His Messengers in the unseen. Verily, Allāh is All-Strong, All-Mighty.

Daryabadi

Assuredly We sent Our apostles with evidences, and We sent down With them the book and the balance, that people might observe equity. And We sent down iron wherein is great violence and also advantages Unto mankind, and that Allah may know him who succoureth Him, unseen, and His apostles. Verily Allah is Strong, Mighty.

Mohammed Asad

Indeed, [even aforetime] did We send forth Our apostles with all evidence of [this] truth; and through them We bestowed revelation from on high, and [thus gave you] a balance [wherewith to weigh right and wrong], so that men might behave with equity; and We bestowed [upon you] from on high [the ability to make use of] iron, in which there is awesome power as well as [a source of] benefits for man: and [all this was given to you] so that God might mark out those who would stand up for him and His Apostle, even though He [Himself] is beyond the reach of human perception. “Verily, God is powerful, almighty!

Muhsin Khan

Indeed We have sent Our Messengers with clear proofs, and revealed with them the Scripture and the Balance (justice) that mankind may keep up justice. And We brought forth iron wherein is mighty power (in matters of war), as well as many benefits for mankind, that Allah may test who it is that will help Him (His religion), and His Messengers in the unseen. Verily, Allah is All-Strong, All-Mighty.

Pickthall

We verily sent Our messengers with clear proofs, and revealed with them the Scripture and the Balance, that mankind may observe right measure; and He revealed iron, wherein is mighty power and (many) uses for mankind, and that Allah may know him who helpeth Him and His messengers, though unseen. Lo! Allah is Strong, Almighty.

Shakir

Certainly We sent Our apostles with clear arguments, and sent down with them the Book and the balance that men may conduct themselves with equity; and We have made the iron, wherein is great violence and advantages to men, and that Allah may know who helps Him and His apostles in the secret; surely Allah is Strong, Mighty.

Yusuf Ali

We sent aforetime our apostles with Clear Signs and sent down with them the Book and the Balance (of Right and Wrong) that men may stand forth in justice; and We sent down Iron in which is (material for) mighty war as well as many benefits for mankind that Allah may test who it is that will help unseen Him and His apostles; for Allah is Full of Strength exalted in Might (and able to enforce His will).

Murtadd Osama Abdallah has made   usual blunder and has fabricated his usual cock and bull story based on so-called scientific proof. Let me cite Ayaat 7:26-27 (with SEVEN different English translations) first and then I will inSha Allaah expose his absurdity,

Surah Al-A'raf 26

??? ????? ????? ???? ??????????? ?????????? ???????? ???????? ??????????? ???????? ????????? ?????????? ?????? ?????? ?????? ???? ?????? ??????? ??????????? ?????????????

O Children of Adam! We have bestowed raiment upon you to cover yourselves (screen your private parts) and as an adornment; and the raiment of righteousness, that is better. Such are among the Ayāt (proofs, evidence, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) of Allāh, that they may remember (i.e. leave falsehood and follow truth).

Daryabadi

O Children of Adam! verily We have sent down unto you a garment covering your shame and as an adornment; and the garment of piety --that is the best. That is of the signs of Allah, that haply they may be admonished.

Mohammed Asad

O CHILDREN of Adam! Indeed, We have bestowed upon you from on high [the knowledge of making] garments to cover your nakedness, and as a thing of beauty: but the garment of God-consciousness is the best of all. Herein lies a message from God, so that man might take it to heart.

Muhsin Khan

O Children of Adam! We have bestowed raiment upon you to cover yourselves (screen your private parts, etc.) and as an adornment, and the raiment of righteousness, that is better. Such are among the Ayat (proofs, evidences, verses, lessons, signs, revelations, etc.) of Allah, that they may remember (i.e. leave falsehood and follow truth).

Pickthall

O Children of Adam! We have revealed unto you raiment to conceal your shame, and splendid vesture, but the raiment of restraint from evil, that is best. This is of the revelations of Allah that they may remember.

Shakir

O children of Adam! We have indeed sent down to you clothing to cover your shame, and (clothing) for beauty and clothing that guards (against evil), that is the best. This is of the communications of Allah that they may be mindful.

Yusuf Ali

O ye children of Adam! We have bestowed raiment upon you to cover your shame as well as to be an adornment to you but the raiment of righteousness that is the best. Such are among the signs of Allah that they may receive admonition!

In both (Ayaat 57:25 and 7:26) the word used by the Glorious Qur’aan is: ??????????? (anzalna) [We have sent down], which in fact means to bestow and/or bless with. It is not necessary that it be sent down from heavens in form of iron ready to use and/or clothes/dress ready to wear. “We sent down the iron” is referring to the iron that is dug out of the earth, as we all know that. Notwithstanding, at both places (in Ayaat 57:25 & 7:26) by saying ??????????? (anzalna) [We have sent down], it was indicated that the way no human planning or artifice operates as active agent in what ‘descends from the heaven,’ so it is with the essential mother element of dress, cotton or wool etc. where human ingenuity has no role to play. That is simply a gift from great creative power of Allaah. Both Ayaat are addressing to mankind and/or children of Adam ???? ?????? and not the Muslims alone.

My response:

What this trash-mouth fails to realize is the following:

1-  In Noble Verses 7:26-27 that he mentioned, when Allah Almighty said that He sent down cloths for us to cover our privates, He obviously meant for it to be metaphoric/symbolic and not literal, because in the Islamic texts of the Noble Quran and Sunnah, there is not a single incident where Allah Almighty literally sent down cloths to any person. 

What Allah Almighty referred to in these Noble Verses was our natural human instinct about about our PRIVATE PARTS BEING SHAMEFUL AREAS TO BE EXPOSED.

Even my almost-3-year old son is now beginning to realize that showing his groin is shameful.  He used to and still touches his private when we change his diaper for him after he wakes up.  But he is now, and on his own, beginning to realize that being butt-naked is not right, because when I look at his groin while he is standing, he gives me a laugh or smile knowing that he is not supposed have his private exposed.

By the way, and on a side note, the 50-year old foul-mouthed trash had even called my little son as apostate.  Hilarious indeed.  If anything, this shows how silly this person is.  He obviously doesn't realize the seriousness in calling Muslims (which he did to many on my message board) as apostates and disbelievers.  If he was an ordinary person with no web site representing Islam and talking trash, then I would've ignored him.  But for him to represent Islam on his site along with having serious mental and emotional retardation issues, the matter then becomes different, and therefore exposing him is a necessity to prevent the slightest misrepresentation of Islam.   That is why I wrote this rebuttal.  At any rate, throwing him in the dumpster section was the most appropriate thing to do.

2-  The word "Anzalna" means "sent down".  Allah Almighty in numerous places in the Noble Quran used this word when He referred to sending down Revelations to Prophets.

Example: "Verily it is We Who have revealed (anzalna) the Book to thee in Truth: so serve God, offering Him sincere devotion.   (The Noble Quran, 39:2)"

The word "Book" here does not mean a book with a hard cover, Author name, version number, ISBN number and publishing company.  Obviously it means the Holy Words of Allah Almighty physically sent down to Prophet Muhammad through Angel Gabriel, peace be upon both of them.

3-  In Noble Verse 57:25 that I used, Allah Almighty used the word "Anzalna" twice.  The first time "sent down them the Book and Balance", which clearly indicates a physical sending of the Holy Words, and the second time "and We sent down iron", which also clearly indicates an actual physical sending of iron down to earth.

Unlike "anzalna" in Noble Verses 7:26-27 that the piece of trash had used, the word IS NOT METAPHORIC OR SYMBOLIC in Noble Verse 57:25, because iron is not metaphoric, while the cloths that Allah Almighty sent to Mankind to cover their private parts clearly symbolize the natural instinct to cover the groin area.

Allah Almighty clearly and irrefutably meant for "anzalna" in Noble Verse 57:25 to TWICE mean a physical sending from above, from Heavens or space, to the earth.

He wrote:

Conclusion!

Murtadd Osama Abdallah has a history of making highflying absurd claims based on so-called scientific proof, which is always copied and pasted from non-Muslim website and/or some non-Muslim sent him, knowing the fact that Murtadd Osama Abdallah is a sucker of such rhetoric and he will post that at his website without research and /or investigation. If we use the absurd logic applied by Murtadd Osama Abdallah for iron, than we must also believe that clothes/dress has also been sent down from heaven in literal sense as claimed by Murtadd Osama Abdallah. Whereas, the iron is being dug out of earth that we use and cotton grow on plants and wool comes from sheep, which we use to make clothes/dresses etc. Readers must know that I have rejected all non-Islaamic claims and/or sources  (in this refutation) used by Murtadd Osama Abdallah for his cock-a-hoop.

My response:

This 50-year old foul-mouthed (who is fond on using the f*** word) piece of trash had utterly failed to present a rebuttal.  All he did was come up with a gibberish nonsensical logic and called it a rebuttal.  The fact that he did not address the irrefutable scientific articles that proved that iron was sent down from space through asteroids clearly proves that he purposely diverted the subject to come up with a brain-fart (as he uses this word a lot) to desperately refute me by any mean.

The word "anzalna" in Noble Verse 57:25 clearly refers to a physical sending by Allah Almighty's Will as I clearly showed above.  Science had recently proved that iron was indeed sent down to earth by through asteroids.  The following articles which already exist in my original article further prove this:

Articles and astronomical proofs that Iron came from space as the Noble Quran mentioned:

First Article:

The following article was taken from http://ca.geocities.com/spacephysicsisu/meteoroid.html.   It talks about iron and "stony irons" originating from space:

Second Article:

This article was taken from http://spacelink.nasa.gov/Instructional.Materials/Curriculum.Support/Space.Science/Our.Solar.System/Small.Bodies/Comets.Asteroids.and.Meteoroids

Some Facts about COMETS
1. Comets are usually named after their discoverers.
2. Comets are wanderers who visit our solar system.
3. Their home ground is the Oort Cloud Region 
   (9,300,000,000 miles from the sun).
4. In ancient times it was believed that comets were the souls of
   heroes or kings on their way to heaven, or messengers of
   disasters, etc.
5. Comets may be the left over rock dust and icy matter from the
   formation of the solar system.
6. Some comets are sun-grazing (sweep close to the sun).
7. Comet Kohoutex was seen in 1974. It may not be back for a 
   million years or more.

                      TABLE OF RETURNING COMETS

COMET     PERIOD        SEEN           RETURNED
Encke     3.3 years     1980      Always within range of telescope
Tempel 2  5.3 years     1978            1983
Holmes    7.1 years     1979            1986
Faye      7.4 years     1977            1984
Halley     76 years     1910            1986

Some Facts about ASTEROIDS
1. An asteroid is a rocky object, smaller than a planet, that orbits
   the sun.
2. Asteroids orbit the sun between the planets Mars and Jupiter.
3. During the early age of our solar system thousands of asteroids
   crashed into Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars and Jupiter.
4. There are tens of thousands of asteroids in the asteroid belt 
   region.
5. Ceres, discovered in 1801, is the largest asteroid known to man.
6. All asteroids lumped together would be smaller than Earth's moon.
7. Pioneer 10 is the first man-made spacecraft to travel through the
   Asteroid Belt.
8. Small chunks are called meteoroids.
 
METEOROIDS, METEORS, METEORITES

If you have gazed at the night sky for any length of time you have no
doubt seen "falling stars", "shooting stars" or meteors. These are
bits of material which have been heated to incandescence by the
friction of the air. Those pieces which are sufficiently large to not
vaporize completely and reach the surface of the Earth are termed
meteorites. The incandescent trails as they are coming through the
Earth's atmosphere are termed meteors, and these chunks as they are
hurtling through space are called meteoroids.

Meteorites may look very much like Earth rocks, or they may have a
burned appearance. They may be dense metallic chunks or more rocky.
Some may have thumbprint-like depressions, roughened or smooth
exteriors.

Upon closer examination most meteoritic samples fall into
predominately nickel-iron alloy called siderites or more commonly iron
meteorites; the predominately rocky-silicates called aerolites or
stony meteorites. In between these extremes are those which are
generally an even mixture of silicate minerals and nickel-iron alloy
which are called siderolites, or stony-iron meteorites. There are
other sub-classes which will be discussed later.

Meteoritic samples vary from tiny dust grains to giant boulders having
masses of several thousand kilograms. It is difficult to distinguish
meteorites from terrestrial rocks for the samples found on the ground
i. e. "finds". Generally, the finds are of the iron variety because
they do appear different. However, many meteorites have been seen to
fall, thus the "falls" are excellent sources of meteoritic samples (of
course, it takes two simultaneous viewings from different points to
pinpoint the location of the fall).

Estimates indicate that perhaps as little as 1,000 to more than 10,000
tons of meteoritic material falls on the Earth each day. However, most
of this material is very tiny -- in the form of micrometeoroids or
dust-like grains a few micrometers in size. (These particles are so
tiny that the air resistance is enough to slow them sufficiently that
they do not burn up, but rather fall gently to Earth.

Analysis of ocean sediments show the presence of large quantities of
micro-meteorites. Considering the proportion of ocean to land, the
majority of meteorites should fall into the water.

Meteorites vary in size from micrometer size grains to large
individual boulders.

The largest individual iron is the Hoba meteorite from southwest
Africa which has a mass of about 54,000 kg.

The stones are much smaller, the largest falling in Norton County,
Kansas having a mass of about 1,000 kg.

Considering the vast infall of meteorites, one cannot help but wonder
if anyone has been hurt or killed by meteorites. There are only two
documented cases on record. The only incident of a fatality was a
shower of stones which fell upon Nakhla, near Alexandria, Egypt on
June 28, l911. One of these stones killed a dog. On November 30, 1954,
Mrs. Hewlett Hodges of Sylacauga, Alabama was severely bruised by an 8
pound stony meteorite that crashed through her roof. This is the first
known human injury.

If one compares a sampling of meteorites discovered as "falls" or
"finds", one notices a discrepancy.

                *FINDS     %         FALLS     %
Irons            409      66.0        29      5.0
Stony-Iron        46       7.5         8      1.5
Stony            165      26.0       547     93.5
(*From Watson, Fletcher G. (1956) BETWEEN THE PLANETS, Harvard
University Press. Although this is an old reference, the proportions
remain about the same today.)

Why the difference? For the finds the iron meteorites are visibly
different in mass (density) and appearance from the surrounding
terrestrial rocks. The stony meteorites are very similar to the Earth
rocks -- the major difference being perhaps a charred or melted
appearance on the surface. Thus the proportion of meteorite types for
the falls is perhaps a more valid proportion --  a preponderance of
stones, a very tiny amount of stony-iron and modest amount of irons.
What does this mean? Where do they come from? Calculations indicate
that near the Earth meteoroids have speeds in the range of 65 km/sec.
The Earth's orbital speed of 30 km/sec means that they could have a
relative speed between 30 and 95 km/sec. Although these speeds are not
high enough to suggest interstellar origin, another fact is that plots
show their trajectories to be elliptical and not hyperbolic, thus they
must come from within our own solar system. Perhaps they share a
common origin with the asteroids. The relative composition of the
meteoroids provides a clue for a hypothesis that they or some
originated from a planet (or planet like) body which exploded at some
time in the distant past.

The composition of stony meteorites is so similar to the Earth that it
does suggest a rocky mantle. The iron is similar to what we believe
the Earth's core is like. Thus, in 1943 R. A. Daly (in Meteorites and
an Earth Model, Bull. Geol. Soc. of Amer. 54,401-456) proposed the
following hypothesis for the ancestral body for the meteorites:
   1. It had an iron (nickel-iron) core and a stony mantle.
   2. The volume of the core is much less than the mantle. The planet
      must have been relatively small.
   3. The force of gravity on this celestial body was much less than
      that of the Earth.
What evidence do we have to support this hypothesis?
   1. We find both iron and stony meteorites.
   2. There is a much larger proportion of stony to iron meteorites.
   3. The presence of stony-iron meteorites shows a mixing of types.

We shall return to meteoritic origin later.

Looking out at the night sky one can generally see several "shooting
stars" or meteors per hour. The incandescent light comes from the
resistance of the air, rapidly heating the meteoroid as well as
ionizing the surrounding air. Thus we see a trail of light falling
toward Earth. Usually the meteoroid is completely vaporized, in a
second or less, but the larger meteors may have trails several
kilometers long and last sufficiently for remnants to be found, i.e.
meteorite falls. Some of the meteors are so bright that enough light
is emitted to cast shadows. These are called fire balls (some can even
be seen during day light.)

The rate at which meteors appear is not constant and varies with the
time of the year as well as time during the night. Sometimes during
the year the number of meteors seen increases dramatically, these are
termed "meteor showers". In fact some meteor showers occur annually or
at rather regular intervals.

The number is greater in autumn and winter. The number always
increases after midnight and is usually greatest just before dawn.
This is understandable when one considers the motion of the Earth. The
Earth is heading more into its orbital path, also the night side of
the Earth is turning toward this direction.

When a meteor shower occurs, they appear to emanate or radiate from a
point called the radiant. These meteor showers may vary in the number
of meteors but regularly occur annually, and last for a few days.
Perhaps the most famous are the Perseids which have maximum about
August 12 but begin to occur about July 25 and last until about August
18, which is much longer than most. 

Meteor showers are usually named after a star or constellation which
is close to the radiant.

Many of the meteor showers are associated with comets. This deduction
is because the more spectacular displays are coincident with the
period of the comet -- as well as spectrographic data matter from the
comet is spread out along its orbit, thus when the Earth's orbital
path intersects the orbital path of the comet, a meteor shower occurs.
Occasionally this occurs twice annually. Often the material is
unevenly distributed which accounts for the variation of intensity.

The leonids are associated with comet Tempel-Tuttle; Aquarids and
Orionids with Halley and the Taurids with Encke.

The majority of meteors burn up before reaching the Earth's surface,
however, examination of some meteorites indicates a loose structure or
vapor grown crystal aggregates which indicate a fluffy nature. This
gives rise to theories that some meteoroid material was aggregated,
some subjected to heating-vaporization-condensation. This contrasts
with the idea that meteoroids originated from an exploded planet or
planetoid or asteroid.

Thus many meteoroids break apart in the upper atmosphere, and become
"fluffy meteors". These are some of the pieces of the jigsaw puzzle. 

Other than spectrographic analysis of the light of the meteoric
trails, the only chemical evidence lies in those extant samples; the
meteorites.

The mineral content is on the whole similar to Earth, however, there
are some particular minerals which are unique to the meteorites.

                     DATES OF MAJOR METEOR SHOWERS

			        		   NUMBER
		  DATE OF      	 APPROXIMATE  	  PER HOUR
NAME              MAXIMUM	   LIMITS        AT MAXIMUM

Quadrantids       Jan 4           Jan 1-6           110
Lyrids            Apr 22          Apr 19-24          12
Eta Aquarids      May 5           May 1-8            20
Delta Aquarids    Jul 27-28       Jul 15-Aug 15      35
Perseids          Aug 12          Jul 25-Aug 18      68
Orionids          Oct 21          Oct 16-26          30
Taurids           Nov 8           Oct 20-Nov 30      12
Leonids		  Nov 17          Nov 15-19          10
Geminids          Dec 14          Dec 7-15           58


METEORITES
Meteorites generally fall into three major classes, the iron, which
are primarily iron and nickel at one end of the scale, and the stones
which are primarily silicates at the other, with the stony-irons
consisting of an even mixture of silicate and nickel-iron.

IRON
The IRON or SIDERITES consist generally of 98% nickel-iron (the
mineral name being plessite). The nickel-iron generally exists in two
forms, the kamacite, which is a low nickel (4-7%) and the high nickel
content taenite (30-60% nickel). Some cobalt is also usually present.
These two minerals are not present on the surface of the Earth. Along
with the metal, the accessory minerals generally consist of
schreibersite with some troilite, cohenite and graphite. Also
occasionally some daubreelite, although it is rather rare.

STONY-IRON
The STONY-IRON, either PALLISITES or MESOSIDERITES, generally are a
fairly even mixture of nickel-iron in an open sponge-like matrix with
the silicate minerals consisting of small rounded grains or bodies.
The composition of the stony-iron meteorites is about 50% nickel-iron
and 50% of the silicates olivine or pyroxene with occasional troilite
(ferrous sulfide).

STONY
The STONY or AEROLITES may be classified into two or three
subdivisions. These are the CHONDRITES, ACHONDRITES, and CARBONACEOUS
CHONDRITES.

CHONDRITES are silicate meteorites having chondri or small rounded
bodies of olivine or pyroxene. About 90% of the stony meteorites are
chondrites. Chondrites generally consist of 46% olivine, 25% pyroxene,
11% plagioclase and about 12% nickel-iron.

ACHONDRITES are those stony meteorites not having chondri. Only about
10% of the stones are achondrites. Achondrites generally consist of
72% pyroxene, 25% plagioclase, 9% olivine, and only about 1%
nickel-iron.

CARBONACEOUS CHONDRITES are a fairly rare meteorite, having organic
molecules, water, the mineral serpentine, and usually having chondri.

Meteorites vary in size from small grains to large chunks of several
thousand pounds. The iron meteorites or siderites generally consist of
98% of a nickel-iron alloy called plessite. Due to physical processes
of melting and recrystallizing the nickel-iron can be separated into
two types, nickle rich (30-60% Ni) taenite and low nickel (4-7%)
kamacite. These separate into laminar or layered bands which are not
visible even in a polished section. However, if the polished section
is etched slightly with acid, the layers, called the Widmanstatten
pattern, becomes visible.

Although nickel-iron is found on the Earth, the particular minerals
kamacite and taenite are so far only found in meteorites. Usually some
cobalt is also present (less than one percent).

Along with the metals, the accessory minerals (about 2%) generally
consist of schreibersite (an iron nickel phosphide;) with some
troilite (a ferrous sulfide; FeS) cohenite,an iron-nickel carbide; and
graphite (carbon/C). Also occasionally some daubreelite (an iron
chromium sulfide); although it is rather rare and not found in
terrestrial rocks.

The iron meteorites can be divided into four basic groups. The
hexahedrites have a nickel content less than 7%. The accessory mineral
is generally only troilite. The hexahedrite nickel-iron is only the
kamacite variety.

The octahedrites having an overall nickel content between 6.5 and 18%.
The octahedral crystal structure (confirmed by x-ray analysis) may be
coarse, medium or fine grained. The octahedrites which are far more
prevalent contain both kamacite and taenite. The accessory minerals
are usually troilite and graphite.

The nickel-rich axtites have a nickel content generally between 12 and
25% but sometimes greater. these contain modular or laminar inclusions
of graphite, schreibersite, cohenite and troilite. The nickel-iron
present is only taenite.

The final and unusual group may be referred to as
irons-with-silicate-inclusions (IWSI) in which about one-fourth of the
volume (still only a few percent of the mass) is made up of irregular
masses of silicates such as olivine, plagioclase, pyroxene along with
graphite, troilite and schreibersite.

The stony-iron, siderolites, or pallisites or mesodiderites generally
lie intermediate between the stones and irons with a 50-50 mixture of
nickel-iron alloy and silicate minerals.

Generally the silicate minerals exist as small rounded bodies or
grains in a sponge-like matrix of the alloy. The minerals are
generally olivine or pyroxene with occasional troilite.

The stony-irons generally fall into two groups:
  1. The pallisites which have the silicate (predominately olivine)
     in a continuous matrix of nickel-iron.
  2. The mesosiderites which have pyroxene and troilite along with the
     olivine in a discontinuous matrix of metal.

The stony or aerolites are predominately silicate minerals with small
amounts of nickel-iron alloy. They may be classed several ways, the
major division being the presence or absence of small rounded bodies
of silicates called chondri or chondrules. Thus those which have these
chondrules are called chondrites, those which do not are achondrites.
The vast majority (or about 90%) of stony meteorites are chondrites.

These may be classified and sub-classified as follows:
The chondrites, or ordinary chondrites consist generally of 46%
olivine, 25% pyroxene, 11% plagioclase and about 12% nickel-iron with
traces of troilite and chromite. However the specific analysis may
provide further subdivisions based upon the specific amount of metal
(i.e H=High, L=Low and LL=Very Low.)

In the ordinary chondrites, the iron classification difference lies in
the relative total iron content, and iron present in the metal. The
amount of iron in the silicates olivine and pyroxene run counter to
this.

Iron                  Total    Iron in    Iron in      Iron in
Classification        Iron     Metal      Olivine      Pyroxene

High       H type     27%       16%        13%            8%
Low        L type     22%        6%        17%           10%
Very Low  LL type     21%        2%        20%           12%
            (These percentages are averages.)

The texture and crystal structure (degree of metamorphism) are given
number 3 for the least metamorphosed to 6 for the most highly
metamorphosed.

The extraordinary or unusual chondrites are the enstatite chondrites
and the carbonaceous chondrites.

The Enstatite chondrites consist of minerals in a highly reduced state
including the minerals - enstatite (a variety of orthorhombic
pyroxene), plagiocalse and troilite and sinoite, oldhamite (CaS),
osbornite (TiN) and others. Enstatite chondrites cannot conveniently
be classified by iron content.

The carbonaceous chondrites, a fairly rare type, have little or no
free metal, contain some iron compounds but contain serpentine,
organic compounds and water of hydration. The carbon and water are
used to sub-classify the carbonaceous chondrites. Those having the
most water and carbon (water about 20.1%, C about 3.5%) are termed C1
or type I. They also contain magnetite and ferric chamosite.

Those having an intermediate amount of water and carbon (water =
13.4%, C = 2.5%) are termed C3 or Type II. They also contain larger
amounts of olivine and troilite along with some enstatite and ferric
chamosite.

Those carbonaceous chondrites having the least amount of carbon and
water (water = 1.0%, C = 0.5%) are termed C3 or type III. They contain
olivine, enstatite, troilite, pentlandlite but no ferric chamosite.

The type I carbonaceous chondrites do not, as a rule, contain
chondrules, but are classified as chondrites because of their chemical
composition and similarity to type II and III.

The achondrites are comparatively rare and are more similar in texture
to the lunar and terrestrial igneous rocks.

Out of a sample of 2,000 meteorites reported, only 64 are achondrites.
They fall into two major categories, the low calcium or calcium poor
variety and the high calcium or calcium rich variety. However they
possess such a diversity that they fall into eight distinct classes.
The classification names are either name of the predominate mineral or
the location name of examples.

The Calcium Poor Achondrites:
  Aubrite/Enstatite achondrites. Primarily enstatite, a magnesium
  silicate, variety of orthorhombic pyroxene, 9 examples are known.
  
  Diogenite/Hypersthene or Bronzite achondrites. Primarily the variety
  of orthorhombic pyroxene; hypersthene, an iron magnesium silicate,
  8 examples are known.

  Chassignite/Olivine achondrites. Primarily olivine. An iron
  magnesium silicate, one example is known.

  Urelite/Olivine-Pigeonite achondrites. Primarily olivine, and a 
  monoclinic variety of pyroxene; pigeonite, with some nickel-iron
  and carbon. This is the only variety of meteorites in which 
  diamonds have been found, 3 examples are known.

The Calcium Rich Achondrites:
  Eucrites and Howardites/Basaltic achondrites or 
  orthopyroxene-pigeonite-plagioclase achondrites and pigeonite 
  plagioclase achondrites. These are made up of monoclinic and
  orthorhombic pyroxenes and plagioclase. Over 40 specimens fall
  into this category

  Nakhlite/Diopside achondrites. These are predominately monoclinic
  pyroxenes, especially diopside, with some olivine, 2 known
  specimens.      

  Angrite/Augite. This variety is primarily monoclinic pyroxene
  augite, one specimen is known.

There is another variety of object of suspected extra-terrestrial
origin which does not fit into the classification scheme of
meteorites. These are the tektites.

Tektites are a separate class of silica-rich glass which resemble
obsidian but are quite distinct from any terrestrial obsidian. As yet
none have been observed to fall, thus there is some dispute as to
their origin, whether meteoric, volcanic, or cosmic. While meteorites
are found widely distributed over the entire earth, tektites have only
been found in widely scattered locations.

Their size is generally under 200 grams, are rounded masses and have
been found in regions which rule out volcanic origins. They may be
fragments of a thin glassy surface of a comet or perhaps the result of
condensation of cometary material. One theory indicates lunar origin
as they resemble some of the lunar glass -- although the tektites are
much larger.

Thus we see that some material is similar to the Earth and moon and
some is quite different. Some evidence indicates cometary origin. To
accept a planetary explosion origin, one needs to consider that impact
upon a body of diameter greater than 1,000 km will probably not result
in an explosion or fragmentation.

Thus, perhaps some meteoroids have their origin with the asteroids,
some with comets, and some....?

The book is not closed. There is a great deal of careful study and
experimentation left to be accomplished.

Prepared by: Dr. Harry B. Herzer, III
NASA Aerospace Education Services Project
Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma

Third Article:

This article was taken from http://www.crystalinks.com/meteors.html

METEORS - METEORITES

Meteoroids are little bits of dust and stone that float around the solar system waiting to strike an atmosphere and burn. Meteors are those bits that hit the Earth's atmosphere and burn away leaving a short fiery tail. Meteorites are those bits of rock, often of asteroid origin, which are large enough to penetrate the atmosphere and hit the Earth's surface. It has been calculated that many tons of meteor dust hit the Earth's atmosphere every day without ever reaching the ground.

Meteors were originally thought to be part of the atmosphere, like lightening. This is why the word originates from the same Greek root as meteorology; the study of parts of the atmosphere. It has been recorded for millennia that meteors are often seen as a shower. On certain days of the year many brilliant streaks can be seen every hour.

More than 2000 meteorites have been recovered. They are of different types, Stony meteorites, iron meteorites and the rare carbonaceous chondrites. The largest meteorite that has been found is the 60 tonne Hoba iron meteorite; the largest stony meteorite weighs about a tonne and the Allende carbonaceous chondrite was a series of chunks that totalled about 5 tonnes.

Impact craters are known on the Earth that correspond to bodies far larger than these. One of the best known is the Arizona crater in the USA which is 1280 metres across and 180 metres deep. It was formed several thousand years ago by a 250,000 tonne meteorite with a diameter of 70 metres hitting the Earth at a speed of nearly 60,000 km/h.

Meteor Streams.

Many meteors originated in material stripped off from comets by radiation from the Sun. This material continues to follow the orbit of the originating comet but gets spread out along the orbit. If the path of the Earth passes through this stream of particles then we will see many meteors whose paths in the sky will appear to radiate from one point in the sky (the radiant) which is in the direction from which the stream is coming. Many such meteor showers are seen throughout the year. Some are associated with known comets while others are remnants of comets that are unknown. Most showers produce about 20, or so, meteors per hour but there are showers which can produce thousands of meteors over a period of less than an hour. Such shows are, unfortunately, very rare. Meteor showers are named after the constellation from which they appear to radiate. A list of prominent showers is given below.

Sporadic Meteors.

Meteors may be seen on any night of the year when the Moon is not bright. If no prominent shower is active then most of the meteors that are seen will come from random directions in space and will thus show no tendency to radiate from any part of the sky. These meteors are called sporadic meteors and about 7 per hour is the normal rate for them to be seen. Most fire-balls and meteorites are sporadic meteors. The material in these meteors is associated with the material in the asteroids and it is likely that they represent material that has come from fragmented asteroids. Some rarer types of meteoric matter are believed to have originated on the Moon and on Mars, probably as a result of matter being exploded from the surface by the impact of a large meteorite.

THE PATH OF A METEOR

Entry into the atmosphere:

When they hit the atmosphere, meteors rub against air particles and create friction, heating the meteors to more than 3000 degrees Fahrenheit. The heat vaporizes most meteors, creating what we call shooting stars (most become visible at around 60 miles up). Some large meteors splatter, causing a brighter flash called a fireball, which can often be heard up to 30 miles away. When meteors hit the ground, they're called meteorites. Some meteors are bits broken off asteroids, others -- mere cosmic dust -- are cast off by comets. (And one more term: A meteoroid is an object in space that may, if it enters our atmosphere, become a meteor.)

Meteor breakup:

Whether an object breaks apart depends on its composition, speed, and angle of entry. A faster meteor at an oblique angle suffers greater stress. Meteors made of iron withstand the stress better than those of stone. Even an iron meteor will usually break up as the atmosphere becomes more dense, around 5 to 7 miles up. A meteor sometimes explodes above the surface, causing widespread damage from the blast and ensuing fire. This happened in 1908 over over Siberia.

Impact with Earth:

Extraterrestrial objects that hit the ground, their speed roughly half what it was upon entry, blast out craters 12 to 20 times their size. Craters on Earth form much as they would on the moon or any rocky planet. Smaller objects create simple, bowl-shaped craters. Larger impacts cause a rebound that creates a central peak; slipping along the rim forms terraces. The largest impacts form basins in which multiple rebounds form several inner peaks.

TYPES OF METEORITES

Meteorite Types

Iron	primarily iron and nickel; similar to type M asteroids
Stony Iron	mixtures of iron and stony material like type S asteroids
Chondrite	by far the largest number of meteorites fall into this class; similar in composition to the mantles and crusts of the terrestrial planets
Carbonaceous Chondrite	very similar in composition to the Sun less volatiles; similar to type C asteroids
Achondrite	similar to terrestrial basalts; the meteorites believed to have originated on the Moon and Mars are achondrites

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